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Old Market is a Conservation Area of national significance, to the east of the city centre in Bristol, England.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Conservation area 16 – Old Market – Character appraisal )〕 Old Market Street and West Street form the central axis of the area, which is approximately bounded by New Street and Lawfords Gate to the north, Trinity Road and Trinity Street to the east, Unity Street and Waterloo Road to the south and Temple Way Underpass to the west. Old Market Street is an ancient market place which developed immediately outside the walls of Bristol Castle on what was for many centuries the main road to London (now the A420); on market days Jacob Street and Redcross Street, which run parallel to Old Market Street, took the through traffic. Old Market’s Pie Poudre Court, which dealt out summary justice to market-day offenders, was not formally abolished until 1971. The area contains some of Bristol’s most ancient buildings, including the last two remaining houses jettied over the pavement and over sixty listed buildings.〔 Old Market suffered decades of neglect and severe decline in the mid-20th century due to the removal of Bristol’s historic central shopping area from Castle Street to Broadmead and the construction of Temple Way Underpass and Easton Way, which severed it from Bristol’s pre-war shopping axis in both directions.〔 Some important buildings still suffer from neglect, but the actions of local conservationists together with grant-aided schemes in the wake of its declaration as a Conservation Area in 1979 have done much to arrest the decline. Old Market has in recent years become a centre of Bristol’s gay scene, and has been proclaimed as ‘Bristol’s Gay Village’.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gay districts and nightlife )〕 ==History== There is documentary evidence of a market immediately to the east of Bristol Castle from the mid-12th century. This area of fertile land with many market gardens was referred to as 'Old Market' from the 15th century.〔 In the 13th century, the area was enclosed by a defensive ditch, with Lawford’s Gate at the eastern end separating it from West Street. The ditch marked the boundary of the town of Bristol. The area was characterised by long narrow plots of land, some of which survive today. West Street was outside Bristol’s jurisdiction and exempt from local taxes, and became a place of inns, low lodgings, squatters and outlaws.〔 Old Market Street prospered as Bristol’s trade grew, developing into a long street connecting the East Gate of the Castle with Lawford’s Gate, wide in its middle section and narrowing for the gates. In the 15th and 16th century, the area grew in importance and became the site of almshouses and manufacture, as well as houses, inns and shops. Old Market did not fare well in the English Civil War. During the Parliamentarian attack on Lawford’s Gate, much of West Street may have been destroyed, and buildings to the east of Lawford’s Gate may have been demolished to give the Royalists a clear defensive line of fire.〔 Following the Civil War much of the area was redeveloped. The Castle was demolished and with it the East Gate; Old Market Street and Castle Street became a major commercial axis. Many of the buildings erected during this period survive today.〔 In 1768, Lawford’s Gate was demolished, allowing the extension of the Castle Street – Old Market Street axis into West Street. Old Market became home to a widening range of trades. In Old Market Street and West Street the well-off built town houses; in the side streets leading off to either side the artisans crowded in.〔 By the end of the 19th century, market trading was becoming increasingly difficult due to the increase in wheeled traffic. Old Market became an important tram terminus, serving areas to the east, north-west and south of the city.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= BT&CC tram map, 1911 )〕 By now it was also a well-established shopping street, connecting seamlessly with Castle Street. Parts of the area were affected by slum clearance programmes in the 1930s, but it was the severance caused by the destruction of Castle Street together with the building of Temple Way Underpass (which obliterated the western end of Old Market Street) that sent the area into near-terminal decline. Some businesses relocated to Broadmead; others closed. Large parts of the area were zoned for redevelopment, and the area was severely blighted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beyond the Walls – Old Market )〕 In the 1970s, the value of what remained started to gain recognition, and in 1979 the area was declared a Conservation Area. Since then many of its at-risk buildings have been restored, and a more sensitive approach to development has done much to improve the area. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Market, Bristol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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